View in the Roman Forum (The Temple of Peace)
Description:
Cutting a nearly perfect diagonal across the picture plane from the top left corner, the ruins of the Temple of Peace, or Basilica of Maxentius, loom large on the canvas, casting a shadow on the groups of peasants and ghosts that have gathered at the foot of the ruin. The elaborately carved insides of the arches are visible, creating an interesting juxtaposition with the various weeds and thick brush that have grown on the Temple’s roof. In the shadow of the Temple a woman sits on a piece of the ruin, watching a group of three men who are standing before a donkey. Two of the men appear to be merchants trying to sell their wares to the third man, who is dressed in the guise of a traveler and is carrying a large staff. To the right of this group, standing directly behind the traveler and reaching out a hand to touch him, is a woman carrying a large bundle. A man, carrying an object shaped like a rifle on his shoulder, stands between and slightly behind these two groups. He is followed by a small dog. To the left of him are two—or perhaps three—women in veils. To the right, beyond the shadow that encompasses the people, several trees and what appears to be the side of the Coliseum can be seen in the distance.
Copyright:
Copyright, 2009, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
Accession Number:
B1977.14.141
Height (in centimeters):
53
Width (in centimeters):
74
Provenance
Bought by Paul Mellon in 1977 from Somerville and Simpson (Wilcox, et. al 123)Exhibition History
1981: Classic Ground, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, no. 62Marks Description
Signed and dated in watercolor, lower right: "DuCros 1779"Associated Events
Ducros, a Swiss watercolorist, traveled to study and work in Rome in 1776 and stayed in Italy for the next 30 years. His experience included work as a topographical draftsman in southern Italy and a venture with Giovanni Battista Volpato, who made engravings of the watercolors Ducros produced. While in Italy, he refined his view of monuments and the topographical accuracy of his images, learning from Giuseppe Vasi and Francesco Pannini. He experimented with Piranesi’s wide-vista techniques and worked on depicting architecture and ruins in a new context. His work included large watercolors of ancient ruins, and he gained a measure of success among British tourists. Richard Colt Hoare, a British client who eventually acquired many Ducros watercolors, believed that Ducros had a profound influence upon British watercolorists. He wrote in 1822 thatThe advancement from drawing to painting in water-colors did not take place till after the introduction into England of the drawings of Louis du Cros, a Swiss artist who settled in Rome. His works proved the force as well as the consequence that could be given to the unsubstantial body of water-colours, and to him I attribute the first knowledge and power of watercolours. Hence we have sprung a numerous succession of Artists in this line. (Wilcox 123-24)Since Mr. Hoare was also a patron of J.M.W Turner, it is probable that Ducros had a direct influence on Turner’s artistic approach in the early years of the nineteenth century (Wilcox 123-24).
Associated Places
The Basilica Nova of MaxentiusSubject
According to Sophie Thomas’s conceptualization of early travel painting, Louis-Rodolphe Ducros’s View in the Roman Forum (The Temple of Peace) (1779) is a very typical print. The juxtaposition of the “present”—embodied by the figures of the peasants—and the "past"—suggested by the glimpse of the Coliseum—fits Thomas’s conceptualization of Rome as a “virtual” city for the Romantic beholder, one that could be seen as a “ ‘place’ hovering in disconcerting and at times imaginary ways between the present and the past” (Thomas 68). The intersection of the visible and the invisible, the material and the immaterial, came to the forefront as tourists gazed at the ruins of a pagan and a Christian past surrounded by the "modern" metropolis. The liminality of the site with regard to religious significance is particularly relevant as the Temple of Peace is simultaneously a pagan and Christian site, being associated both with Maxentius, the last pagan emperor of Rome, and Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor. Thomas locates the travelers’ disorientation when confronted with the multiple pasts of Rome in the common “resistance on the part of the travelers to seeing ‘modern’ Rome as it is (or was), preferring instead to perceive the city through the suggestive remnants of its ancient forms” (68). Despite viewers’ resistence to see the city in its modern state, Ducros’s print seems to adhere to Gilpin’s call for picturesque tourism to be centered around the “searching after effects”: here, the effect of the present merging with the past, the visible with the invisible.Theme
Ruin. Picturesque. Historical consciousness. History. Place. Tourism. Travel. Religion. Pagan. Italian art. European Romanticism.
Significance
Ducros’s painting, View in the Roman Forum (The Temple of Peace), is significant due to its place in the burgeoning genre of travel painting during the Romantic era. According to Scott Wilcox, Ducros gained popularity among British and European tourists during his time in Rome, joining an already growing community of British and Northern European artists who had traveled to Rome to try their hand in the tourist trade (Wilcox 123-24). Ducros’s success is significant not only because it points to the rapid growth of tourism during the Romantic period, but also because it indicates that this new tourism was intricately linked to the viewing of ancient or historical scenes through the lens of the artistic eye. If, once they returned home, European and British tourists were relying on artistic renderings to recall those ruins they had experienced first-hand, there seems to be an implied assumption that only the artistic eye can capture the true essence of such scenes.Bibliography
Wilcox, Scott, et. al. The Line of Beauty: British Drawings and Watercolors of the Eighteenth Century. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2001. Print.Long Title
Ducros, Abraham Louis Rodolphe. View in the Roman Forum (The Temple of Peace). 1779. Watercolor with pen and black ink over graphite on laid paper. 20 7/8 x 29 1/8 in. (53.0 x 74 cm). Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection. B1977.14.141Featured in Exhibit:
From the Collection:
Painter:
Image Date:
1779
