Bumpology
Description:
A phrenologist, identified as J. De Ville, places his right hand on the forehead of a young man who is kneeling at the center of the image. A well-dressed woman, probably the young man’s mother, observes the action from the left of the scene while a clerk writes "very large wit no 32" in a book at the far right. A table stands in front of De Ville and holds books, a phrenologically numbered skull, and a note recording the murderer J. Thurtell as a "craniologically...excellent character." The scene is set in an office: a bookshelf lines the right wall, and portraits of phrenologically interesting specimens hang at the back of the room.
Copyright:
Copyright 2009, Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
Accession Number:
CA1765
Height (in centimeters):
13
Width (in centimeters):
11
Edition and State
UnknownPrinting Context
Originally printed on February 24, 1826. It was later bound in The Cruikshankian Momus.Associated Texts
Bumpology and Cruikshank's image Combativeness, originally created for Phrenological Illustrations (1826), are bound with the print in The Cruikshankian Momus (1892).Subject
Cruikshank’s Bumpology (1826) satirizes a particular phrenological moment—James De Ville’s examination of children in order to predict their intellectual, artistic, and moral potential—that was well documented in contemporary periodical accounts. The print also includes a reference to a murderer, John Thurtell, suggesting the public’s interest in using phrenology to identify criminals.Theme
Phrenology. Science. Education
Significance
By illustrating the "'primitive" or "natural inclination of man" as explained by phrenologists, Cruikshank's work reveals the association between disfigurement and character as it was used by both phrenologists and caricaturists (Stafford, "Conjecturing the Unseen" 344). More specifically, this piece pokes fun at the pseudo-science's claim to an infallible "reading" of the subject, while also revealing and satirizing its immense popularity. Bumpology also implicitly questions the appropriate uses of phrenology, a topic of popular debate since the latter's inception as a "scientific" field. While the viewer’s attention is focused on the domestic application of phrenology to the young man’s educational advancement, the reference to Thurtell suggests phrenology’s other uses. Cruikshank thus records the public’s interest in using phrenology to identify criminals, an interest also documented in news articles and phrenological tracts like The Phrenological Journal (“Further Particulars of Thurtell, &c.”; Phrenological Journal 297ff). The application of phrenology to a photographic archive of criminals is well documented by Allen Sekula (11ff).Function
Social caricature satirized popular trends not simply in order to entertain but also to inform or alter public opinion. Caricatures of phrenology taught the “clinical gaze” by illustrating the pseudo-science’s usefulness (or lack thereof); in this case, phrenology is shown as a potential tool in the development of individualized educational programs for children based entirely on a reading of an exterior believed to correspond to one's intellectual properties.Bibliography
Cowling, Mary. The Artist as Anthropologist: The Representation of Type and Character in Victorian Art. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989. Print.Long Title
BUMPOLOGY. (Published 4th February 1826.) H. T. D. B., Esq., del. Etched by G. Cruikshank. Deville the phrenologist (once of the Strand) in his consulting-room-- "Pores o'er the cranial map with learned eyes, Each rising hill and bumpy knoll descries; Here fatal fires, and there deep mines of sense, His touch detects beneath each prominence." Note.-- The cast upon the professor's table, taken from the head of the murderer "Thurtell, shown to be craniologically an excellent character."Featured in Exhibit:
Engraver:
Image Date:
4 February 1826
