One of the original knights of the Order of the Garter who fought under Prince Edward's command in the Battles of Crecy and Poitiers during the Hundred Years' War.

English antiquary, biographer, and pioneer archaeologist. His notable works include Brief Lives (written between 1669 and 1696), Monumenta Britannica (written between 1663 and 1693), and Naturall Historie (written between 1659 and 1671), all published posthumously.

English writer and freethinker with interests in mesmerism, naturalism, materialism, and phrenology. He advised Harriet Martineau on mesmerism during her 5-year illness, to which she attributed her recovery. The two went on to publish their correspondence as Letters on the Laws of Man’s Nature and Development (1851).

Also known as Pallas Athene, Athena, the Greek personification of wisdom, is goddess of strategic warfare and arts and crafts such as spinning and weaving. She was born of Zeus and Metis after Zeus swallowed Metis, fearing she would have a son stronger than himself. The god Hephaestus struck Zeus on the forehead with an axe, and Athena sprang from the opening fully armed. Athena is often equated with the Roman goddess Minerva.

Goddess of error, delusion, and rash action.

Personification of virtue who, when the Golden Age ended and the earth became dominated by iniquity, ascended to the heavens and became the constellation Virgo.

Mistress of Pericles often attacked in Athenian dramatic works for her supposed undue political influence.

Irish philosopher and mathematician who held the positions of 15th Provost of Trinity College, Dublin; Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne, Clogher and Derry; and Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics at Trinity College, Dublin. In his career, Ashe taught such notable students as Jonathan Swift and William Congreve.

English humanist, scholar, and didactic writer who is best remembered for his prose style, theories on education, and promotion of the vernacular. Ascham served in the administrations of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I after serving as Elizabeth's tutor in Greek and Latin from 1548 to 1550.

Fourth Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany, Prince Arthur had been designated heir to the throne over his uncle, John, King of England, 1167-1216.