• celestial observations

    This suggests that Walton implicitly recognizes the third element, after electricity
    and magnetism, in what would in the twentieth century be called a "grand unified field
    theory," gravitation.

    That a unified field theorem is a still unrealized ideal of experimental physics,
    one that has excited the ambitions of major scientific minds in all quarters of the
    world, may indicate the seriousness of the scientific issues and passions underlying
    Mary Shelley's novel. Without denigrating those ambitions here, she characteristically
    reminds us of human limitations in Walton's inability to recognize that in a land
    of eternal light, as he imagines the pole might be, celestial observations would be
    impossible.