4145. Robert Southey to Walter Savage Landor,29 February [1824]

 

Address: To/ Walter Savage Landor Esqre-/ Florence/ Italy.
Stamped: KESWICK/ 298; ANGLETERRE; CHAMBERY; [illegible]; CORRISPZA ESTERA DA GENOA
Postmark: [partial] F/ 147
MS: National Art Library, London, MS Forster 48 D.32 MS 38. ALS; 4p.
Previously published: Charles Cuthbert Southey (ed.), Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, 6 vols (London, 1849–1850), V, pp. 115–117 [in part; misdated 29 February 1822].
Dating note: Southey misdates ‘1822’; the content makes it clear that the letter was written in 1824.


Your Dialogues have been delayed some three weeks by an involuntary fault of mine, in not sending a passage for that between Cicero & his brother to Julius Hare.

(2)

Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, 2 vols (London, 1824), II, p. 383–384, no. 1600 in the sale catalogue of Southey’s library. This passage was added to Dialogue XVIII, between the Roman statesman, Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC), and his brother, Quintus Tullius Cicero (102–43 BC).

It is not worth explaining how this happened, & how the wrong passage was forwarded to me in London. It is remedied now; the first thing I did on my return home from a long absence, was to transmit the insertion,

(3)

Southey to Julius Hare, 18 February 1824, Letter 4135.

the last sheet has probably by this time been struck off, & you may perhaps receive news of its publication as early as this will reach you.

I ascertained in London that by a neglect in no fewer than three different quarters, the books which I supposed had been lost on their way to you, had never been sent. I have now given directions that they should be sent to Taylor & Hessey,

(4)

The firm of John Taylor and James Augustus Hessey (1785–1870) published Landor’s Imaginary Conversations.

to be forwarded with your own.

(5)

See Southey to Julius Hare, 18 February 1824, Letter 4135.

In looking over your volumes, you will I think wherever you perceive that a passage has been struck out, perceive at the same time for what reason it was omitted. The reason for every omission was such that I am persuaded you would without hesitation have assented to it, had you been upon the spot. A most powerful & original book it is, – in any one page of which, – almost in any single sentence – I should have discovered the author, if it had come into my hands as an anonymous publication. Notice it must needs attract; but I suspect that it will be praised the most by those with whom you have the least sympathy, & that the English & Scotch Liberals – may perhaps forgive you even for being my friend.

I had not been from home since the summer of 1820. Even since that time London has been so altered as to have almost the appearance of a new city. Nothing that I have seen elsewhere can bear comparison with the line of houses from the Regents Park to Carleton House.

(6)

The former home of George IV, facing the south side of Pall Mall and next to St James’s Park. It is now the site of Carlton House Terrace. The series of buildings along the route from Regent’s Park, through Park Square, Portland Place and Regent Street to St James’s were designed by John Nash (1752–1835; DNB), George IV’s architect, to be grand enough to line a future ceremonial route. Construction work had been intensive from 1818 onwards.

A stranger might imagine that our shopkeepers were like the merchants of Tyre, & lived in palaces. I wish the buildings were as substantial as they are splendid; but every thing is done in the spirit of trade; durability never enters into the builders speculations, & the unsubstantial brick walls are covered with a composition which seems to have the bad property of attracting moisture in a remarkable degree. In Regents Park before the houses are finished the cornices are perfectly green with slimy vegetation.

The most impressive sight to me was St Pauls by gas light.

(7)

Gas lighting had first been installed in the choir of St Paul’s Cathedral, London in 1822.

I do not think any thing could be more sublime than the effect of that strong light upon the marble statues, – & the darkness of the dome, which the illumination from below served only to render visible. They have attempted to warm this enormous building by introducing heated air, – but after expending 800 £ in stoves & flues, the effect was to render the quire unendurably cold; for the whole body of cold air from the dome came rushing down, – so that the attempt has been given up as hopeless.

(8)

Heating was not successfully installed in St Paul’s until 1868. The cathedral was notoriously cold in winter.

In London I scarcely went out of the circle of my own immediate friends. But as I went East & West upon a round of flying visits to old friends & familiar acquaintances, some of whom I had not seen for more than twenty years, – I had opportunity enough of perceiving a more general disposition to be satisfied with things as they are, than ever existed within my memory at any former time. There happened to be no question afloat with which any party feeling could be connected, & the people were sensible of their general prosperity. Few indeed are they who apprehend the momentous consequences of the changes which are taking place. One effect of general education (such as that education is) is beginning to manifest itself. The twopenny journals of sedition & blasphemy

(9)

Primarily, William Cobbett’s Political Register (1802–1836). Cobbett introduced a 2d. version in 1816 by concentrating on commentary rather than news and so evading stamp duty.

lost their attraction when they had no longer found discon hunger & discontent to work upon. But they had produced an appetite for reading. Some journeymen printers who were out of work tried what two a weekly two-pennyworth of miscellaneous extracts would do, – it answerd so well that there were presently between 20 & 30 of these weekly publications, the sale of which is from 1 to 15,000 each.

(10)

The most successful and best-known of these publishers was John Limbird (c. 1796–1883), whose 2d. weekly miscellany the Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction (1822–1847) may well have sold 15,000 copies a week. Limbird had entered publishing as an employee of the radical Thomas Dolby (1782–1836), but had turned away from political journalism from 1819 onwards.

– How I should like to talk with you concerning the prospects of the old world & of the new

I found the box of books, on my return, – they had escaped all damage from the seas. As yet I have only had time to place them upon my shelves, & to see that many of them are very curious. At present I am going on with the second volume of the Peninsular War, – & with my Tale of Paraguay.

(11)

Southey’s History of the Peninsular War (1823–1832) and A Tale of Paraguay (1825).

My little boy has just begun to learn the Greek alphabet

God bless you
RS.

Notes

1. Southey misdates the letter ‘1822’.[back]
2. Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, 2 vols (London, 1824), II, p. 383–384, no. 1600 in the sale catalogue of Southey’s library. This passage was added to Dialogue XVIII, between the Roman statesman, Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC), and his brother, Quintus Tullius Cicero (102–43 BC).[back]
3. Southey to Julius Hare, 18 February 1824, Letter 4135.[back]
4. The firm of John Taylor and James Augustus Hessey (1785–1870) published Landor’s Imaginary Conversations.[back]
5. See Southey to Julius Hare, 18 February 1824, Letter 4135.[back]
6. The former home of George IV, facing the south side of Pall Mall and next to St James’s Park. It is now the site of Carlton House Terrace. The series of buildings along the route from Regent’s Park, through Park Square, Portland Place and Regent Street to St James’s were designed by John Nash (1752–1835; DNB), George IV’s architect, to be grand enough to line a future ceremonial route. Construction work had been intensive from 1818 onwards.[back]
7. Gas lighting had first been installed in the choir of St Paul’s Cathedral, London in 1822.[back]
8. Heating was not successfully installed in St Paul’s until 1868. The cathedral was notoriously cold in winter.[back]
9. Primarily, William Cobbett’s Political Register (1802–1836). Cobbett introduced a 2d. version in 1816 by concentrating on commentary rather than news and so evading stamp duty.[back]
10. The most successful and best-known of these publishers was John Limbird (c. 1796–1883), whose 2d. weekly miscellany the Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction (1822–1847) may well have sold 15,000 copies a week. Limbird had entered publishing as an employee of the radical Thomas Dolby (1782–1836), but had turned away from political journalism from 1819 onwards.[back]
11. Southey’s History of the Peninsular War (1823–1832) and A Tale of Paraguay (1825).[back]
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