German philosopher who marked the transition from the Enlightenment to the nineteenth century. His Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen (1764) was translated as Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime. Among his major works that followed, the Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1781; translated as Critique of Pure Reason, 1855) established his fame when its ideas were condensed and reformulated in Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik (1783; translated as Prolegomena to Every Future Metaphysic, 1819). Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788; Critique of Practical Reason) and Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790; Critique of Judgement) then followed. Kant also published a number of essays in the Berliner Monatsschrift. and [MW}