Early nineteenth-century English anti-Catholic prejudice stressed the hierarchical
                     conformity of the Roman Church as against the individual self-witnessing or examination
                     of conscience that the growing evangelical movement especially emphasized. Yet if
                     this confessor is manipulative and reminds one of that staple of Gothic fiction, the
                     obdurate inquisitor, he seems to stand in contrast to the earlier confessor, who acted
                     as a kindly mender of family fences to convince her mother after the deaths of her
                     other children to take Justine back into her home (I:5:6). Of course, he could be
                     the same priest, only apparently kind in his offices, but essentially superstitious
                     in interpreting God's will and actively supporting firm social structures to curb
                     errant individual desire.