English poet, playwright, scholar, and preacher. Cartwright was a member of the literary group "Sons of Ben," though his poor imitations of Jonson have put the legitimacy of this status into question.

A well regarded poet and member of Elizabeth Montagu's Bluestocking Circle, Carter was also regarded as one of eighteenth-century Britain's leading female intellectuals for her translation, All the Works of Epictetus, Which Are Now Extant (1758), a milestone in the learned achievements of women. The first publication of her collected verse appeared as Poems upon Particular Occasions (1738). The subsequent Poems on Several Occasions came out in 1762 and was subsequently reprinted in an enlarged edition.

Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was the German-born wife of King George II. As the beautiful and intelligent Queen consort, Caroline was said to have had much influence over her husband and his court. She is considered responsible for establishing Sir Robert Walpole as prime minister.

Roman poet, translator, and critic whose notable works include Gli Straccioni (1544), a translation of Virgil's Aeneid (1581), and, posthumously, Lettere familiare (1572-74).

Carlyle's humorous, idiosyncratic Sartor Resartus (1836) presents spiritual and philosophical reflections in the form of a biography of the fictional professor Diogenes Teufelsdröckh. The French Revolution (1837) offered a dramatic reassessment of recent historical events that presented the revolution as an inevitable consequence of bad government. On Heroes, Hero-Worship & the Heroic in History (1841) argues that idolization of charismatic heroes is the foundation of all loyalties.

Scottish churchman, memoirist, and political commentator.

English poet, playwright, songwriter, patriot, and anti-Walpolean satirist. Carey is best remembered for his ballads, particularly "Sally in our Alley."

English poet and one of the most famous members of the Cavalier group. Carew's poems were admired for their mastery of mood, imagery, and language.

Italian painter whose intensely chiaroscuro effects inspired the development of tenebrism, where such dramatic lighting dominates the style.

A wealthy Italian statesman, historian, Catholic liberal, and influential figure in the Italian Unification movement, Gino Capponi's salon in Florence was said to be a hub for leading European liberals. Capponi founded two periodicals, L'Antologia ("Anthology") and Archivio storico italiano ("Italian Historical Review"), as well as his 1875 masterpiece, Storia della repubblica di Firenze ("History of the Republic of Florence").