The original design and formatting of this edition were overseen by Jack Lynch, with consultancy provided by Sam Choi. The keying and markup were created by a team of assistants, including Rebecca Carroll, Yoonmee Chang, Carlos Decena, Max Greenhut, Matthew Hart, Adam Machado, Christopher Marcisz, Alexander Orlovsky, Kallan Resnick, Suzanna Roth, Mark Shanaman, Erik Simpson, Christian Stadler, and Shawn Walker. The University of Pennsylvania provided key support for space and equipment.
Editorial Principles
All texts are transcribed from reliable standard editions. In the case of translated works, every effort has been made to select an edition known to, or contemporary with, Mary Shelley.
The following silent emendations have been introduced throughout:
Editions of Frankenstein
There are countless editions of Mary Shelley's novel, many ephemeral and even undated, so any catalog is necessarily incomplete. Below are most of the major editions, reprints, and translations through 1996 that can be found in libraries. All texts after the first and second are based on the 1831 edition unless otherwise noted. Audio and video recordings are excluded, as are adaptations. For any single year, texts are arranged alphabetically by place of publication, with those in English preceding translations into foreign languages.
Plays of Frankenstein
Frankenstein is best known today through the many films based on the novel, although the most famous movie Frankenstein came after more than a century of popular stage adaptations. As early as 1823, Frankenstein had been adapted for the stage: Richard Brinsley Peake's Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein appeared on the stage only five years after Mary Shelley's novel was published. In response to its success, William Godwin published the second edition of Frankenstein in the same year.
Wynn, Watkin Williams, 5th Baronet (1772–1840)
Watkin Williams Wynn, 5th Baronet (1772–1840): Elder brother of Charles Watkin Williams Wynn. Like his brother, Watkin was a long-serving MP 1794–1840, though he never held political office. His main interests were the family estates in North Wales, which he inherited in 1789, and military life – he raised the Ancient British Fencibles in 1794 and saw service in Ireland in 1798.
Wilberforce, William (1759–1833)
William Wilberforce (1759–1833): Son of a wealthy merchant in Hull; MP for Hull 1780–84, Yorkshire 1784–1812 and Bramber 1812–25. Wilberforce underwent a conversion to evangelical Christianity in the mid-1780s and became one of the country’s leading campaigners against the slave trade. Southey admired Wilberforce’s stance and the two started to correspond in 1813 over the need to promote Christian missionary activity in India.