Mistress of Pericles often attacked in Athenian dramatic works for her supposed undue political influence.

Irish philosopher and mathematician who held the positions of 15th Provost of Trinity College, Dublin; Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne, Clogher and Derry; and Donegall Lecturer in Mathematics at Trinity College, Dublin. In his career, Ashe taught such notable students as Jonathan Swift and William Congreve.

English humanist, scholar, and didactic writer who is best remembered for his prose style, theories on education, and promotion of the vernacular. Ascham served in the administrations of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I after serving as Elizabeth's tutor in Greek and Latin from 1548 to 1550.

Fourth Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany, Prince Arthur had been designated heir to the throne over his uncle, John, King of England, 1167-1216.

A legendary king of England, the subject of a number of verse narratives.

An American-born military leader during the American Revolutionary War, Benedict Arnold originally served the American Continental Army, rising to the rank of major general and gaining the trust of George Washington before defecting to the British in 1780. After rising to the rank of brigadier general in the British military, Arnold marched British forces against the American army he had once served. His name has become synonymous with betrayal and treason in American popular culture.

Poet, physician, essayist. Most famous for his didactic poem The Art of Preserving Health (1744).

Known for his titles as Duc de Nemours and Count of Guise, Louis d'Armagnac participated in the Italian campaigns under Charles VIII of France and later became the French viceroy of Naples under Louis XII.

Through his inventions of a carding frame and, even more importantly, an innovative spinning frame, Arkwright became a leader in the mechanization of cotton manufacturing and the development of the factory system for textile production.

Ancient Greek philosopher, scientist, and foremost intellect during the Classical period. Living from 384-322 B.C.E., Aristotle was first a student of Plato. His writings spanned across mathematics, science, and the humanities. As the pioneer of the study of zoology, Aristotle was considered a great scientific mind, but it is particularly his contributions to the field of philosophy and as founder of formal logic that his thought has pervaded Western culture.