Malthus, T. R. (Thomas Robert), 1766-1834

Malthus is one of the most famous (and notorious) British reform writers of the nineteenth century, so much so that "Malthusian" entered our language and appears to be here to stay. His views on the growing problem of poverty in early industrial society shaped the terms of debates on the subject throughout his lifetime and beyond. His An Essay on the Principle of Population, conceived as a reaction to the utopian vision of William Godwin's An Enquiry into Political Justice (1793) and first published in 1798, was repeatedly revised and extended over the next three decades.

Macpherson, James, 1736-1796

Poet and historian James Macpherson is best known for his “translations” of the Gaelic epic poems by the fictitious ancient bard Ossian. Though the authenticity of these poems came under attack almost immediately, they nevertheless exerted a powerful influence on the British Romantic literature that soon followed.