Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618

Knighted by Queen Elizabeth, Sir Walter Raleigh was an author, explorer, and statesman. Although Sir Walter was a favorite of the Queen, he was accused of treason by her successor, James I, making Sir Walter a controversial figure during his lifetime. Sir Walter's writing addresses the Queen's betrayal in allowing his imprisonment, as well as endeavors to disprove the charges of atheism brought against him.

Radcliffe, Ann Ward, 1764-1823

The foremost author in the development of the Gothic novel, Radcliffe also produced a travel narrative, A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, with a Return Down the Rhine (1795), which features the same proficiency in natural description that delighted readers of her fiction.

Racine, Jean, 1639-1699

French dramatist, poet, and historiographer best known for his mastery of the French classical tragedy, particularly through his adept use of the alexandrine line, a prominent feature of the poetic meter of seventeenth century French tragedy. He is also renowned for his characters, crafted through the Racinian view of humanity as driven by a need for acceptance in order to compensate for consuming feelings of inadequacy.

Puttenham, George, -1590

English courtier and literary critic, generally accepted as the author of The Arte of English Poesie, an influential critical work on poetry and rhetoric. Although the authorship of the work has been disputed, with some suggesting his brother, Richard, to be the true author, the style and ideas of the book strongly align with Puttenham's other writings, affirming his claim to authorship.

Psalmanazar, George, 1679?-1763

Though probably born in France, Psalmanazar claimed to be a native of the island of Formosa kidnapped by European missionaries and brought to Europe against his will. In that capacity he authored several works, including the far-fetched yet very successful An historical and geographical description of Formosa (1704) and a number of contributions to the seven volume An universal history; from the earliest account of time to the present (with G. Sale, A. Bower, G. Shelvocke, J. Campbell, J. Swinton, etc., 1736-44).

Prospero

The fictional protagonist of Shakespeare's The Tempest, Prospero is the rightful Duke of Milan, banished to sea by his usurping brother, Antonio. Prospero and his daughter, Miranda, find refuge on an island, where Prospero learns sorcery from books and uses it to protect his daughter and control the other characters, such as Ariel and Caliban, whom he has enslaved. At the end of the play, Prospero sinks his books in the sea, likely in an effort to appease Shakespeare's audiences, who viewed magic as devilish.