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  • the black sides of Jura

    Mary Shelley calls it "the dark frowning Jura" in a letter of 1 June 1816 quoted in
    The History of a Six Weeks' Tour.

  • 66

  • the blackest ingratitude

    The same noun is employed by Alphonse Frankenstein in the previous chapter (I:6:37).
    The word conveys a sense of obligation and therefore of class difference. Again and
    again it is emphasized that Justine has been raised above her rank in life by the
    active interest of the Frankenstein household in her welfare. But has she really altered
    her condition? Not just the family but the whole of Geneva society condescend to her
    as having less than full rights to her supposedly respectable condition. The ease
    with which her claims to equity are abrogated implicitly places her on a par with
    Victor's Creature, named a wretch and denied the claim of human sympathy.

  • 65

  • Louisa Biron

    This would appear to be an in-joke among the writing friends, since Lord Byron's name,
    in Geneva, would have been pronounced in the same French manner as this young friend
    of Elizabeth's would be, bee-ROHN. Byron intended to give Allegra, the illegitimate
    daughter Claire Clairmont bore in January 1817, the name of Biron.

  • 64

  • bestowing animation upon lifeless matter

    Although not the elixir of life per se (which would give the owner perpetual youth),
    Victor Frankenstein's discovery is related to that fundamental aim of alchemy and
    thus is the culmination of the fascination with the occult sciences that has been
    his ruling passion over the past eight years.

  • 63

  • bestowing on the state sons

    As Walton's first letter opens with an expression of the opposed perspectives of men
    and women (I:L1:1 and note), so this initial paragraph of the first chapter accentuates
    the concern of the patriarchy with replicating itself. Alphonse Frankenstein's sense
    of public purpose is to reproduce himself for the good of the state. By suppressing
    the role of the female in this process, he paradoxically voices what will become his
    son's obsession with creating a new man without the intervention of woman. With that
    creation in mind, however, it does not require of the reader an undue stretching of
    the sense to regard the distinctive tone of this language, so abstracted and clinical,
    as being more characteristic of Victor than of his father.

  • 62

  • benevolently

    Victor's stress on the term marks it as of particular importance to him and indicates
    that it is also of concern to the novel. With some pathos, Victor will begin the second
    volume by recalling that he had himself "begun life with benevolent intentions" (II:1:1).
    At this point we cannot know how far from disinterested benevolence Victor has strayed.
    In retrospect, however, the novel's readers can easily comprehend why fervent emotions
    would be generated in him by a return to civilized human standards and ethical conduct.

  • 61

  • Their benevolent disposition

    The repetition of the adjective "benevolent" three times in as many paragraphs indicates
    the stress Mary Shelley places on this as a fundamental attribute of human virtue.
    However it may be stressed in Victor's memory, the frequency with which such benevolence
    is actually encountered as a motivating force will be tested when the Creature flees
    Victor's apartment and attempts to make his way in the world.

  • 60

  • Belrive

    Bellerive is where the fifteen-year-old Victor witnessed the violent thunderstorm
    (I:1:22) that started his obsession with the powers of electricity: thus, it is particularly
    appropriate that the "most violent storm" occurs in this area.

  • 59

  • Belrive

    Bellerive (which connotes "beautiful shore") is a suburb of Geneva, situated north
    of the city on the western shore of the lake as it narrows towards its end and thus
    affording a picturesque view of Geneva and the mountains beyond it. That the Frankenstein
    family possesses a country house testifies to their comparative wealth and social
    standing in the community, an issue that will be of some moment to the trial recounted
    in I:7:1. After its painful conclusion the family will seek tranquillity in a return
    to the comfortable setting of this country house (II:1:5).

  • 58

  • a being which had the shape of a man

    Walton's innocent description of the Creature names him in relation to a human community.
    The ship's lieutenant in describing the being to Victor will strengthen this denomination
    later in Walton's letter (I:L4:13), twice referring to him as a "man," whereupon Victor
    automatically renames him as "daemon."