617

  • a hell of intense tortures Again, the stress is on hell as a mental state that Victor bears within himself.
    As demonstrated earlier at I:4:5 (and note) and I:7:30 (and note), Victor's internalization
    of the pangs of hell-fire is a clear allusion to the misery of Milton's Satan in Paradise
    Lost, especially IV.66-75.
  • 618

  • aiguilles Literally needles: the term applies to the smaller pinnacles that rise in the periphery
    of Mont Blanc.
  • 619

  • a lady With the arrival of this enigmatic stranger Mary Shelley essentially completes the
    cast of characters—which is to say, the balance of human and social elements—that
    compose her novel. That Safie is herself an outsider makes her curiously similar to
    the Creature who observes her entrance on the scene.
  • 620

  • All was blasted

    The language seems intended to invoke the "blasted stump" (I:1:22 and note) that is
    left after lightning strikes the tree near Bellerive, a manifestation of the power
    of the "vital fluid," electricity, that can at once create and destroy.

  • 621

  • A league

    The Oxford English Dictionary defines this unit of measurement as follows:

    LEAGUE:

    league lig, sb.1 Forms: 4-5 leghe, 4-6 lege, leuge, (4 lewge, 5 lewke, leuke, leeke),
    5-6 leege, 6 legge, le(a)que, Sc. lig, 6-7 leag(e, 6- league. Late ME. leuge, lege,
    leghe, etc., ad. late L. leuga, leuca (= late Gr. leu'gh, leu'kh), according to Hesychius
    and Jordanes a Gaulish word; hence OFr. liue, liwe (mod.Fr. lieue), Pr. lega, legua,
    Cat. llegua, Sp. legua, Pg. legoa, Ital. lega.

    a. An itinerary measure of distance, varying in different countries, but usually estimated
    roughly at about 3 miles; app. never in regular use in England, but often occurring
    in poetical or rhetorical statements of distance.

    MARINE LEAGUE

    marine league: a unit of distance = 3 nautical miles or 3041 fathoms. Although the
    league appears never to have been an English measure, leuca occurs somewhat frequently
    in Anglo-Latin law-books (Bracton, Fleta, etc.); it is disputed whether in these works
    it means one mile or two.

  • 622

  • All bounds of moderation

    Although Victor had earlier moralized against letting the pursuit of knowledge run
    away with one's sober judgment (I:3:12), here he portrays himself as indulging his
    hatred with the kind of impulsiveness and lack of restraint he had displayed in Ingolstadt.
    It is clear that what Alphonse Frankenstein had termed "immoderate grief" three paragraphs
    earlier (II:1:3) is not Victor's problem.

  • 623

  • All pleasures . . . life

    This is a remarkable sentence, redolent of all of Victor's earlier obsessiveness but
    now transposed into a kind of psychotic state. It is surely tied to earlier questions
    about the unhealthy products of the human imagination.

  • 624

  • all the light I enjoyed came through the stye

    This is not easy to visualize, but Mary Shelley twice emphasizes the presence of this
    stye. She appears to do so for several interrelated reasons: in order to have a natural
    bulwark against the Creature's being detected by the cottagers; to place the Creature
    symbolically as close to the natural order as to human beings; and to reveal, against
    our visceral repugnance at the accompanying noise and stench (if the De Lacey household
    had been able to afford to keep a herd of swine), the level of subsistence to which
    necessity has reduced this being after six weeks or so of his existence.

  • 625

  • I am alone, and miserable

    In the 1818 edition the last noun of Volume 1, in Victor's narration, is "misery"
    (I:7:33), and the second volume opens on a scene in which he draws further into himself
    and his despair (II:1:1). Given the technical mastery of Frankenstein, it is thus
    perhaps only to be expected that the Creature's autobiographical account should conclude
    with the Creature in the exact condition of his Creator, sharing an existential misery
    compounded of solitude and guilt.

  • 626

  • I will go . . . America

    Although there was relatively little Swiss (or German) emigration to the New World
    by the time this novel was written, there was of course a great amount of it from
    the country in which Frankenstein was published. Indeed, Percy Bysshe Shelley's grandfather
    had been born in the British Colonies of North America (in Passaic, New Jersey), whence
    he reimmigrated to Great Britain. The closest parallel for the Creature's plan, and
    probably one that would be uppermost in the minds of a contemporary reader, was the
    British penal colony established in 1788 at Botany Bay in Australia. There hardened
    convicts were transported so as to rid honest citizens from their threat to the common
    welfare. Over time, of course, these outcasts "civilized" a new continent.