53

  • Beaufort

    This is obviously a good French-sounding name for a citizen of Lucerne, but it is
    at least a nice coincidence that the Beaufort Sea south of the Arctic Ocean, on the
    northwestern coast of Canada and Alaska, was named after a contemporary of Mary Shelley's,
    Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857).

  • 55

  • Beautiful!

    Victor's instinctive aesthetic sense has already allowed him to misjudge his teacher,
    Professor Krempe (I:2:12). Now it operates to overpower any sense of shared humanity
    with the Creature. In respect to the master categories of eighteenth-century aesthetics,
    the Creature is exactly the opposite of the Beautiful: he is the embodiment of the
    Sublime, at once awesome and terrifying. If most of our experience with sublimity
    is mediated through art and literature, the Creature in all his encounters forces
    it with stunning immediacy into normative human life, always with disastrous consequences

  • 56

  • been destroyed

    Victor suddenly shows a political consciousness that has not been active up to this
    point. The context suggests that the enclosed world of the domestic affections, governed
    by a feminine sensibility, is threatened—and through history actually destroyed—by
    the masculinist drive for power. This is a sentiment with which both her father William
    Godwin and her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley would have agreed. In the shadow of the
    Napoleonic Wars and the reinstitution of reactionary monarchies across Europe, it
    is a sentiment not in accord with the prevailing state of political opinion in England.

    It could be argued that Victor simply serves momentarily as mouthpiece for the author's
    pointedly liberal views to surface. What would complicate that supposition is the
    fact that this series of political failures is identical with those the Creature derives
    from the oral reading of Volney's Ruins of Empire by Felix De Lacey (see II:5:14).
    If we focus on that identity retrospectively, we are suddenly confronted with the
    amazing fact that Victor, whether he registered it or not, will actually learn something
    concrete from the Creature's narration in the second volume of the novel.

  • 57

  • before night

    Walton is more specific later in I:L4:19, recalling to Victor that the "ice had not
    broken until near midnight," that is, some seven hours after the ground sea was heard.

  • 58

  • a being which had the shape of a man

    Walton's innocent description of the Creature names him in relation to a human community.
    The ship's lieutenant in describing the being to Victor will strengthen this denomination
    later in Walton's letter (I:L4:13), twice referring to him as a "man," whereupon Victor
    automatically renames him as "daemon."

  • 59

  • Belrive

    Bellerive (which connotes "beautiful shore") is a suburb of Geneva, situated north
    of the city on the western shore of the lake as it narrows towards its end and thus
    affording a picturesque view of Geneva and the mountains beyond it. That the Frankenstein
    family possesses a country house testifies to their comparative wealth and social
    standing in the community, an issue that will be of some moment to the trial recounted
    in I:7:1. After its painful conclusion the family will seek tranquillity in a return
    to the comfortable setting of this country house (II:1:5).

  • 60

  • Belrive

    Bellerive is where the fifteen-year-old Victor witnessed the violent thunderstorm
    (I:1:22) that started his obsession with the powers of electricity: thus, it is particularly
    appropriate that the "most violent storm" occurs in this area.

  • 61

  • Their benevolent disposition

    The repetition of the adjective "benevolent" three times in as many paragraphs indicates
    the stress Mary Shelley places on this as a fundamental attribute of human virtue.
    However it may be stressed in Victor's memory, the frequency with which such benevolence
    is actually encountered as a motivating force will be tested when the Creature flees
    Victor's apartment and attempts to make his way in the world.

  • 62

  • benevolently

    Victor's stress on the term marks it as of particular importance to him and indicates
    that it is also of concern to the novel. With some pathos, Victor will begin the second
    volume by recalling that he had himself "begun life with benevolent intentions" (II:1:1).
    At this point we cannot know how far from disinterested benevolence Victor has strayed.
    In retrospect, however, the novel's readers can easily comprehend why fervent emotions
    would be generated in him by a return to civilized human standards and ethical conduct.

  • 63

  • bestowing on the state sons

    As Walton's first letter opens with an expression of the opposed perspectives of men
    and women (I:L1:1 and note), so this initial paragraph of the first chapter accentuates
    the concern of the patriarchy with replicating itself. Alphonse Frankenstein's sense
    of public purpose is to reproduce himself for the good of the state. By suppressing
    the role of the female in this process, he paradoxically voices what will become his
    son's obsession with creating a new man without the intervention of woman. With that
    creation in mind, however, it does not require of the reader an undue stretching of
    the sense to regard the distinctive tone of this language, so abstracted and clinical,
    as being more characteristic of Victor than of his father.