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Women and Power in James Gillray’s Caricature: Irony Elaborating on Paradox

A loud living room scene
Date Published:
July 2009
Description

This gallery explores how James Gillray’s caricatures of women convey the paradoxical nature of feminine power in Romantic culture. To effect his satire, Gillray utilizes ironic presentations that juxtapose discrepant images, imply a discrepancy between image and word, or create discrepancy by inverting traditional connotations of an image, person, or event. At times this means the irony exists within the frame of the print; at times within the relation between print and viewer; at times within the dialogue between the caricaturist and Romantic aesthetic paradigms; and at times of all these modes operate together.

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Victor, the Savage of Aveyron

Image Item
A portrait of a young boy with a secondary scene below depicting a teacher and his student
Description

A young, nude boy is depicted against a dark background in a bust medallion. Two cornucopias entwine above his head, spilling forth fruit and foliage as a border around the frame. Below is a smaller scene in which a teacher and pupil sit at a round table for a lesson in literacy. This smaller panel is flanked by a snake on the left and a badminton racket and birdie on the right.

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Historiated Initial “B”

Image Item
A page of text with an decorated letter "B"
Description

This image features text which, like an illuminated manuscript, begins with a decorated letter. The "B" of the text is carried by a beggar, consequently giving a visual synecdoche of the written topic, "beggary."

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Joseph Johnson (Black Joe of N4 Chandos Street, Covent Garden)

Image Item
A black man in a sailor's uniform with a model ship attached to his cap
Description

This image features Joseph Johnson, a beggar and street singer, wearing a model of the HMS Nelson he built himself as a hat.

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Portrait of Lady Caroline Montagu in Byronic Costume

Image Item
Portrait of Lady Caroline Montagu
Description

This portrait depicts Lady Catherine Montagu as a figure of social unconventionality, sporting a dress reminiscent of both the piratical and the gypsy lifestyle as romanticized by writers of the era. More specifically, she seems to be portrayed as Haidée, a character from Byron's Don Juan.

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Pirate and Gypsy

Image Item
A gypsy woman confronts a pirate
Description

This image depicts the encounter between a pirate and a gypsy, emphasizing their common status as nomadic outcasts at once romanticized and rejected by society.

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Nomad and Two Children

Image Item
A nomad woman and two children
Description

A woman travels through a landscape with two children: an infant held to her back in a shawl, and a young child who stands beside her and holds the hem of her cloak. The woman has long hair and a scarf tied around her forehead; she clutches the shawl in which the infant rides with her left hand, and extends her right to reveal a coin.

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Gypsy Encampment

Image Item
A gypsy encampment
Description

Within a rocky landscape is situated a large, cave-like dwelling constructed of leaves and branches. Six adult figures and two small children sit or squat around a smoky fire, while two additional figures approach the encampment with freshly caught fish. Most of the figures have short-cropped hair and are partially covered by hooded cloaks.

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Margaret Finch (Queen of the Gypsies at Norwood)

Image Item
Margaret Finch, the queen of the Gypsies, in a cave
Description

In a small, dark, cave-like dwelling, a woman with a creased brow and elongated nose sits crouched with her knees to her chest. She wears a white bonnet and large cloak, and she smokes a slender clay pipe. A dog, standing on its hind legs, licks her chin, and a second canine companion lies in the foreground beside a scroll-handled mug.

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The Trwe Effigies of James Whitney, the Notorious Highwayman.

Image Item
A portrait of highwayman James Whitney
Description

A man, imprisoned, sits in the corner of a cell next to a barred window through which two figures stare. The captive wears a large brimmed hat, long curled wig, and cravat, which date the sitter to the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century. He wears a loose, patterned gown, which is lifted to reveal a stockinged leg with a shackle and chain at the booted ankle.

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