Ruler of Italy during a period of civil war and succession disputes. Manfred was overthrown and killed by Charles of Anjou at the Battle of Benevento.

Malthus is one of the most famous (and notorious) British reform writers of the nineteenth century, so much so that "Malthusian" entered our language and appears to be here to stay. His views on the growing problem of poverty in early industrial society shaped the terms of debates on the subject throughout his lifetime and beyond. His An Essay on the Principle of Population, conceived as a reaction to the utopian vision of William Godwin's An Enquiry into Political Justice (1793) and first published in 1798, was repeatedly revised and extended over the next three decades.

Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor who pioneered the effort to establish a chronology for Shakespeare's works. Malone also evaluated the authenticity of works supposed to be Shakespeare's, leading him to the discovery of the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries.

Scottish poet, dramatist, and fellow-student of Alexander Pope and James Thomson. Mallet's best known work, William and Margaret, is an adaptation of a traditional ballad.

Roman diplomat, friend and political advisor of the Roman emperor Augustus, and patron of such significant poets as Horace and Virgil.

After getting his start as a Shakespearian actor in the provinces, Macready performed in London at Covent Garden and Drury Lane, as well as other London stages and in the U.S. and Paris. Macready managed Covent Garden from 1837 to 1839 and Drury Lane from 1841 to 1843.

Poet and historian James Macpherson is best known for his “translations” of the Gaelic epic poems by the fictitious ancient bard Ossian. Though the authenticity of these poems came under attack almost immediately, they nevertheless exerted a powerful influence on the British Romantic literature that soon followed.

Irish actor and playwright whose controversial career spanned most of the eighteenth century. Macklin introduced the naturalistic style of acting to the English stage and became a prominent actor at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, where he accidentally killed a man while fighting over a wig. Macklin was best known for his performance of Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, a role he assumed at Drury Lane in 1741. He also wrote The Man of the World (1781), a comedy.

Two of Mackenzie's novels, The Man of Feeling (1771) and Julia de Roubigné (1777) rank in the forefront of eighteenth-century literature of sensibility. Mackenzie also published The Man of the World (1773) and edited two periodicals, The Mirror and The Lounger.

Italian statesman and writer known for his strategies on securing rulership, relying when necessary on duplicity and force. His most famous text, Principe (1532), was not published until after his death, but it circulated widely in manuscript form among his friends. The dialog Arte della guerra (1520) and the posthumously published Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (1531) round off the body of his major political works.