547

  • Thursday (May 7th)

    This is one of the two clearly identifiable but irreconcilable dates in the novel:
    the other (Monday, 31 July) is contained in Walton's fourth letter to his sister (I:L4:1).
    It has been noted, however, that the shift of one day here (to Thursday, May 8) would
    reconcile the timeframe, allowing us to date the year of William's death as 1794 and
    of Walton's letter as 1797.

  • 555

  • tortured the living animal

    The details of this paragraph are all intended to be ugly and repulsive to the reader,
    but this quick reference has a particular force to it, reminding us that the Shelley
    household was vegetarian. The torturing of animals in medical experimentation would
    have been felt by Mary Shelley to be thoughtless cruelty. It is ironic, and clearly
    not intentional on Victor Frankenstein's part, that his Creature turns out also to
    be a vegetarian.

  • 556

  • tortures of the accused did not equal mine

    Victor's egocentric concentration on his own reaction is more than simply ungenerous:
    it reveals a sense of class and gender superiority that is deeply troubling.

  • 562

  • Unable . . . unable

    This double emphasis on his impotence calls into play both the heavy irony of Victor's
    having given birth by himself and his habitual manner of ducking responsibility for
    his actions.

  • 563

  • unbridled joy and hilarity

    Surely, Victor, like any human being, has a right to pursue happiness. But it is the
    case, that, beginning here, on every occasion when he anticipates a return to normal
    human pleasures he experiences instead a disastrous reversal of expectations. From
    this moment on his joy will never again be "unbridled," but rather, at best, what
    Thomas Gray, in his "Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College," called "fearful."

    Some bold adventurers disdain
    The limits of their little reign,
    And unknown regions dare descry:
    Still as they run they look behind,
    And hear a voice in every wind,
    And snatch a fearful joy. (lines 35-40)

  • 543

  • they hear from you so seldom

    Before, we had only Victor's intimation that he had somewhat procrastinated in communicating
    with his family (I:3:10). From Clerval's remark we learn that he had all but ceased
    to write them.

  • 550

  • to forget those friends who were so many miles absent

    This additional blindness removes all doubt that Victor himself, at the very least,
    sees a moral flaw in his having spurned his family. In essence, to ignore one's loved
    ones is to break one's basic ties with the natural.

  • 549

  • to detain me

    Victor does not realize the irony implicit in his words, as he describes this initial
    abrogation of his responsibility and his transfer of obligation onto his newly made
    Creature. It is the Creature who thus innocently asserts his shared bond, only to
    find himself spurned by his Creator. Yet there is also a secondary irony behind the
    first, for this account is narrated by a man who has been spending his recent months
    singleheartedly pursuing the being from whom he originally ran away.

  • 538

  • the education of his children

    Victor is implicitly drawing a contrast between the educational program he was provided
    by his father and the lack of such a discipline in Walton's formative years lamented
    by the mariner in his conversation with Victor some ten days earlier ( I:L4:25 and
    note). The recurrence of this theme is manifestly deliberate on Mary Shelley's part.
    What the reader is to derive from it, however, is not so certain, since there are
    clearly ways in which, whatever his deficiencies in languages or in systematic application,
    Walton's moral education will serve him better in the course of this novel than does
    Victor's.

  • 539

  • the gates of Geneva

    These were, as Victor Frankenstein had been reminded the evening before (I:6:20 and
    note), shut at 10 o'clock every night.